Amplitude and Frequency
- Loudness: Proportional to square of amplitude ($\text{Loudness} \propto \text{Amplitude}^2$). Unit: Decibel (dB).
- Pitch (Shrillness): Determined by frequency of vibration (higher frequency = higher pitch).
- Audible Range for Normal Human Ear: $20\text{ Hz}$ to $20,000\text{ Hz}$ ($20\text{ kHz}$).
