Establishment of Company Power
- Battle of Plassey (1757): Robert Clive defeated Sirajuddaulah due to commander Mir Jafar's betrayal, securing the British political foothold in Bengal.
- Doctrine of Lapse (Lord Dalhousie): If an Indian ruler died without a natural male heir, his kingdom was annexed (Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur, Jhansi).
