Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
Differential equation: $\frac{d^2x}{dt^2} + \omega^2 x = 0$
- Displacement: $x(t) = A\sin(\omega t + \phi)$
- Velocity: $v = \omega\sqrt{A^2 - x^2}$
- Time period of simple pendulum: $T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}$
- Time period of loaded spring: $T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}$
