Case Studies: Belgium vs Sri Lanka
| Aspect | Belgium (Accommodation Model) | Sri Lanka (Majoritarian Model) |
|---|---|---|
| Ethnic Makeup | 59% Flemish (Dutch), 40% Wallonia (French), 1% German | 74% Sinhala speakers (Buddhists), 18% Tamil speakers (Hindus/Muslims) |
| Policy Adopted | Equal representation of Dutch and French in central govt; community govt | Majoritarian Act of 1956: Sinhala made sole official language, preference in jobs |
| Result | Harmonious coexistence, Brussels chosen as European Union HQ | Ethnic conflict, distrust, and bloody Civil War lasting decades |
Forms of Power Sharing in Modern Democracies
- Horizontal Distribution of Power: Power shared among different organs of government (Legislature, Executive, Judiciary). Creates a system of Checks and Balances.
- Vertical Distribution of Power (Federalism): Power shared among governments at different levels (Central, State, Local).
- Power Sharing among Social Groups: E.g., Reserved constituencies for Scheduled Castes and Tribes; "Community Government" in Belgium.
- Power Sharing among Political Parties & Pressure Groups: Coalition governments and policy consultations.
